1 Overview
The heating furnace is the main equipment in the oilfield crude oil gathering and transportation process, which directly affects the crude oil production in the oilfield. The burner is one of the key components of the heating furnace, and whether it can work normally is related to the safety of the heating furnace. In recent years, some relatively advanced small-scale automatic burners at home and abroad have been introduced into oilfield heating furnaces one after another. Abroad such as Italian Baide burner, Italian Budweiser burner, French Olin burner, domestic such as DF type blast gas combustion Burner, AW series automatic proportional adjustment burner and so on. Compared with the conventional simple burners of oilfield heating furnaces, they all have small and exquisite design, even the blower is integrated with electricity, have large output, low noise, greatly reduce the soot after combustion, and improve combustion efficiency. These small automatic burners can provide automatic blowing, ignition, combustion and other program controls, and are easy to install and maintain. Therefore, these small fully automatic burners have been widely used in oilfield heating furnaces.
2 Composition and function of fully automatic burner
The fully automatic burner is mainly composed of two parts: a combustion device and a control device. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the fully automatic burner, and Figure 1 shows the main components of the fully automatic burner.
The combustion device includes an ignition unit, a combustion head, a blower, a flame disc, a regulating valve, and a safety valve. The combustion device completes switching of fuel supply, distribution of combustion air, fuel ignition, adjustment of combustion intensity, and safety control.
The control device is mainly composed of three parts, that is, the detection program controller, the operation program controller, and the air conditioning program controller. The detection program controller is used to detect the air pressure before ignition of the gas burner and the fuel supply pressure detection to judge the tightness of the system. The air conditioning program controller is used to control the combustion intensity and adjust the air volume to meet different firepower requirements. The operation program controller completes the processing of each combustion start to normal operation and abnormal conditions during operation.
3 reliable operation
The difference between the fully automatic burner and the simple burner of the oilfield heating furnace is that it is easy for the post personnel to operate, press the start button to enter the automatic operation state, and operate according to the established program, with less human intervention. Less, high reliability. But once a problem occurs, it is difficult for production operators to maintain it, and it can only be solved by professional on-site maintenance. Therefore, the daily reliable operation of the burner must be guaranteed. The reliable operation of oilfield heating furnace burners is mainly guaranteed by means of flame detection, automatic proportioning, and gas leakage detection.
1. The air conditioning program controller ensures that the ratio of gas and air is reasonable and meets the combustion conditions.
The biggest difference between the simple burner of the oil field heating furnace and the fully automatic burner is the air supply method. The fully automatic burner belongs to the blast type combustion, which is slightly positive pressure combustion. For the burner to burn normally, a reasonable and accurate ratio of natural gas to air (1:12) is very important, and it is one of the most critical control systems for fully automatic burners. If the air ratio is too small for natural gas combustion, the burner will not ignite due to lack of oxygen; if it is too large, the natural gas will not burn fully, and besides black smoke, it will easily cause production accidents. At the same time, for the safe operation of the burner, the fully automatic burner has a blast air pressure switch. When the air pressure does not reach the pressure required for normal combustion, the fuel supply system must be cut off in time.
2. The detection program controller ensures that the natural gas switch door does not leak and the key components are in good condition.
The detection program controller is mainly used for gas valve sealing detection. Detection is a two-step process. The first step is to detect the tightness of the control safety valve by introducing atmospheric pressure. First open the regulating valve to introduce atmospheric pressure, close it after 5 seconds, and check the pressure in the pipe section for 20 seconds. If it is greater than the atmospheric pressure, it is to control the leakage of the safety valve, the pressure switch operates, and the fault indicator light flashes. If there is no change in the pressure of the pipe section, it means that the airtightness of the control safety valve is good and there is no leakage. The detection work enters the second step, that is, this step mainly detects the air seal of the regulating valve. Open the control safety valve for 2 seconds, introduce gas pressure into the detection pipe section, and last for 25 seconds. If the pressure in the pipe drops, it means that the regulating valve is leaking, the "DW" pressure switch is activated, and the fault indicator light is flashing. If there is no change in the pressure in the pipe section, the test is successful. The program controller is connected to the power supply of the running controller, the detection program ends, and the program detector recovers.
3. The operating program controller is used to control and manage the forced draft burner to ensure safety during operation.
The operating program controller is mainly used to control and manage the forced draft burner. After the burner is ignited and running normally, the program controller automatically returns to the ready position. When the operation controller starts to work, it first checks whether the air pressure signal is normal or not before the ignition. If it meets the set value, run the next program. If no signal is detected, it will be locked and shut down due to failure. Then carry out the detection of the flame monitoring circuit, after passing, turn to the detection of the flame signal. If the safety time is generally 2-3 seconds, if no flame signal is detected, the programmer will be locked and a fault state will appear. If the test is passed, the program controller enters the running state, locks the control circuit, and provides control power for the normal operation of the burner. If there is an undervoltage or fire extinguishing accident during operation, the operation controller will automatically cut off the control power supply and close all control valves.
4Maintenance strategy
In order to reduce downtime, prolong the working time of the burner, and improve the reliability of the burner, in view of the daily production problems, combined with production practice, the following production and maintenance strategies are proposed. Facts have proved that as long as the following maintenance requirements are strictly implemented, the daily operation failure of the automatic burner can be basically eliminated, and the maintenance-free working state of automatic combustion can be achieved.
1. Ensure that the process components of the automatic burner are clean and meet the basic conditions for the burner to operate gas.
Due to the high degree of automation, the fully automatic burner has high requirements on the quality of natural gas.
On the art pipeline, ball valves, separators, pressure regulating valves, filters and other components are installed. Taking the two-stage burner as an example, the process pipeline is shown in Figure 3 below. If these parts are not cleaned in time, there will be more light oil components or other impurities, and the natural gas passage will be blocked, which will inevitably cause ignition difficulties or flameout in the middle, especially the moisture in the separator and the light oil components in the filtered gas. However, the associated natural gas produced in the oil field will inevitably contain impurities, moisture, etc., which are not conducive to the normal operation of the burner. Therefore, the maintenance operating procedures must be strictly implemented, cleaned up in time, and drained in time, especially in winter. Daily maintenance frequency should be strengthened.
In addition to this, the surface of the photosensitive sensor should also be cleaned frequently to ensure that the surface is clean, the flame of the burner is accurately sensed, and the flameout protection is performed in time to ensure safe operation. Operators should also perform daily cleaning of the air pressure switch under the guidance of professionals to reduce downtime for professional repairs.
In order to ensure the correct ratio of the burner system, the combustion air inlet should be cleaned in time. In winter, it is also necessary to ensure that the damper can be closed freely, so that it cannot cause operational failure or misfire due to freezing.
1 Overview
The heating furnace is the main equipment in the oilfield crude oil gathering and transportation process, which directly affects the crude oil production in the oilfield. The burner is one of the key components of the heating furnace, and whether it can work normally is related to the safety of the heating furnace. In recent years, some relatively advanced small-scale automatic burners at home and abroad have been introduced into oilfield heating furnaces one after another. Abroad such as Italian Baide burner, Italian Budweiser burner, French Olin burner, domestic such as DF type blast gas combustion Burner, AW series automatic proportional adjustment burner and so on. Compared with the conventional simple burners of oilfield heating furnaces, they all have small and exquisite design, even the blower is integrated with electricity, have large output, low noise, greatly reduce the soot after combustion, and improve combustion efficiency. These small automatic burners can provide automatic blowing, ignition, combustion and other program controls, and are easy to install and maintain. Therefore, these small fully automatic burners have been widely used in oilfield heating furnaces.
2 Composition and function of fully automatic burner
The fully automatic burner is mainly composed of two parts: a combustion device and a control device. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the fully automatic burner, and Figure 1 shows the main components of the fully automatic burner.
The combustion device includes an ignition unit, a combustion head, a blower, a flame disc, a regulating valve, and a safety valve. The combustion device completes switching of fuel supply, distribution of combustion air, fuel ignition, adjustment of combustion intensity, and safety control.
The control device is mainly composed of three parts, that is, the detection program controller, the operation program controller, and the air conditioning program controller. The detection program controller is used to detect the air pressure before ignition of the gas burner and the fuel supply pressure detection to judge the tightness of the system. The air conditioning program controller is used to control the combustion intensity and adjust the air volume to meet different firepower requirements. The operation program controller completes the processing of each combustion start to normal operation and abnormal conditions during operation.
3 reliable operation
The difference between the fully automatic burner and the simple burner of the oilfield heating furnace is that it is easy for the post personnel to operate, press the start button to enter the automatic operation state, and operate according to the established program, with less human intervention. Less, high reliability. But once a problem occurs, it is difficult for production operators to maintain it, and it can only be solved by professional on-site maintenance. Therefore, the daily reliable operation of the burner must be guaranteed. The reliable operation of oilfield heating furnace burners is mainly guaranteed by means of flame detection, automatic proportioning, and gas leakage detection.
1. The air conditioning program controller ensures that the ratio of gas and air is reasonable and meets the combustion conditions.
The biggest difference between the simple burner of the oil field heating furnace and the fully automatic burner is the air supply method. The fully automatic burner belongs to the blast type combustion, which is slightly positive pressure combustion. For the burner to burn normally, a reasonable and accurate ratio of natural gas to air (1:12) is very important, and it is one of the most critical control systems for fully automatic burners. If the air ratio is too small for natural gas combustion, the burner will not ignite due to lack of oxygen; if it is too large, the natural gas will not burn fully, and besides black smoke, it will easily cause production accidents. At the same time, for the safe operation of the burner, the fully automatic burner has a blast air pressure switch. When the air pressure does not reach the pressure required for normal combustion, the fuel supply system must be cut off in time.
2. The detection program controller ensures that the natural gas switch door does not leak and the key components are in good condition.
The detection program controller is mainly used for gas valve sealing detection. Detection is a two-step process. The first step is to detect the tightness of the control safety valve by introducing atmospheric pressure. First open the regulating valve to introduce atmospheric pressure, close it after 5 seconds, and check the pressure in the pipe section for 20 seconds. If it is greater than the atmospheric pressure, it is to control the leakage of the safety valve, the pressure switch operates, and the fault indicator light flashes. If there is no change in the pressure of the pipe section, it means that the airtightness of the control safety valve is good and there is no leakage. The detection work enters the second step, that is, this step mainly detects the air seal of the regulating valve. Open the control safety valve for 2 seconds, introduce gas pressure into the detection pipe section, and last for 25 seconds. If the pressure in the pipe drops, it means that the regulating valve is leaking, the "DW" pressure switch is activated, and the fault indicator light is flashing. If there is no change in the pressure in the pipe section, the test is successful. The program controller is connected to the power supply of the running controller, the detection program ends, and the program detector recovers.
3. The operating program controller is used to control and manage the forced draft burner to ensure safety during operation.
The operating program controller is mainly used to control and manage the forced draft burner. After the burner is ignited and running normally, the program controller automatically returns to the ready position. When the operation controller starts to work, it first checks whether the air pressure signal is normal or not before the ignition. If it meets the set value, run the next program. If no signal is detected, it will be locked and shut down due to failure. Then carry out the detection of the flame monitoring circuit, after passing, turn to the detection of the flame signal. If the safety time is generally 2-3 seconds, if no flame signal is detected, the programmer will be locked and a fault state will appear. If the test is passed, the program controller enters the running state, locks the control circuit, and provides control power for the normal operation of the burner. If there is an undervoltage or fire extinguishing accident during operation, the operation controller will automatically cut off the control power supply and close all control valves.
4Maintenance strategy
In order to reduce downtime, prolong the working time of the burner, and improve the reliability of the burner, in view of the daily production problems, combined with production practice, the following production and maintenance strategies are proposed. Facts have proved that as long as the following maintenance requirements are strictly implemented, the daily operation failure of the automatic burner can be basically eliminated, and the maintenance-free working state of automatic combustion can be achieved.
1. Ensure that the process components of the automatic burner are clean and meet the basic conditions for the burner to operate gas.
Due to the high degree of automation, the fully automatic burner has high requirements on the quality of natural gas.
On the art pipeline, ball valves, separators, pressure regulating valves, filters and other components are installed. Taking the two-stage burner as an example, the process pipeline is shown in Figure 3 below. If these parts are not cleaned in time, there will be more light oil components or other impurities, and the natural gas passage will be blocked, which will inevitably cause ignition difficulties or flameout in the middle, especially the moisture in the separator and the light oil components in the filtered gas. However, the associated natural gas produced in the oil field will inevitably contain impurities, moisture, etc., which are not conducive to the normal operation of the burner. Therefore, the maintenance operating procedures must be strictly implemented, cleaned up in time, and drained in time, especially in winter. Daily maintenance frequency should be strengthened.
In addition to this, the surface of the photosensitive sensor should also be cleaned frequently to ensure that the surface is clean, the flame of the burner is accurately sensed, and the flameout protection is performed in time to ensure safe operation. Operators should also perform daily cleaning of the air pressure switch under the guidance of professionals to reduce downtime for professional repairs.
In order to ensure the correct ratio of the burner system, the combustion air inlet should be cleaned in time. In winter, it is also necessary to ensure that the damper can be closed freely, so that it cannot cause operational failure or misfire due to freezing.