At present, my country's power plant boilers are generally coal-fired boilers, and there are few oil-fired gas-fired boilers. Only a small amount of oil-fired boilers are used in special occasions such as places with heavy oil and residual oil. In addition, many small and medium-sized boilers for heating use fuel-fired gas-fired boilers to meet environmental protection standards.
the
1. What is the function of the boiler?
the
The heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace is used to heat the feed water to generate steam that meets the specified parameters (temperature, pressure) and quality, and send it to the steam turbine for work.
the
The working principle of the oil-fired boiler: The fuel of the boiler is mainly diesel or heavy oil, and the fuel injector connected to the combustion chamber of the boiler body is ignited through electric control. It can be divided into three processes: the combustion process of oil continuously and violently oxidized, the heat transfer process of flame and high-temperature flue gas continuously transferring heat to the water in the pot, the continuous flow and circulation of water in the pot, the water circulation process of vaporization that absorbs heat and heats up, and vaporization process.
the
2. Structural features
the
Oil-fired gas-fired boilers are different from coal-fired boilers. They need to use burners to inject fuel into the boiler furnace, and use fire chambers for combustion without using grate facilities. Since the fuel-fired gas-fired boiler does not produce combustion ash after combustion, the fuel-fired gas-fired boiler does not need slag discharge facilities. If the oil and gas sprayed into the furnace are mixed with air within a certain range or extinguished, it will easily explode. Therefore, all oil-fired gas boilers need to adopt automatic combustion and control systems.
the
3. The difference in structure
the
[1] The heating surface of the furnace is very different. Due to the complexity, I will not explain it in detail here.
the
[2] The burner equipped with an oil-fired boiler must have an oil physicochemical device, while the burner equipped with a gas-fired boiler does not need a materialized device.
the
[3] Oil-fired boilers use burners. In coal-fired boilers, there are combustion methods such as fixed grate, pulverized coal burner, and fluidized fluidized furnace.
the
[4] Oil-fired boilers generally do not have an embering device, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged through the chimney. Coal-fired boilers generally have ash removal facilities such as ash hoppers and slag extractors.
the
[5] There is not much difference between the oil-fired boiler and the gas-fired boiler in terms of the body structure, but the heating surface is adjusted accordingly due to the different calorific value of the fuel. That is, the oil-fired boiler has a larger radiation heating area, while the gas-fired boiler has a larger convection heating surface.
the
[6] Oil-fired boilers must be equipped with a more complex oil supply system (especially when burning heavy oil and residual oil), such as fuel tanks, oil pumps, filter heating pipes, etc., which must occupy a certain space, while gas-fired boilers do not need Configure gas storage device. Just connect the gas pipeline to the gas supply network. Of course, pressure regulating devices, solenoid valves, buffer valves and other accessories need to be installed on the pipeline to ensure the safe operation of the boiler.
the
The boiler room is an equipment room, and there are relevant regulations in the plane layout and plane layout of the building for everyone to learn.
the
1. The fire separation distance between civil buildings and oil, gas or coal-fired boiler rooms shall comply with the regulations for category D factory buildings, but the evaporation capacity of a single steam boiler shall not exceed 4t/h or the rated thermal power of a single hot water boiler shall not exceed The fire separation distance of a 2.8MW coal-fired boiler room can be determined according to the fire resistance rating of the boiler room and in accordance with the relevant civil building regulations.
the
2. Oil or gas boilers, oil-immersed transformers, high-voltage capacitors filled with combustible fuel, and oil-rich switches, etc., should be installed in special rooms outside the building; separate buildings, and should not be adjacent to densely populated places, the fire resistance rating of this special room should not be lower than Class II; if it is really necessary to arrange it in a civil building, it should not be arranged on the upper or lower floor of the densely populated place or adjacent to it, and shall meet the following requirements:
the
1) The fuel oil or gas boiler room and the transformer room should be set on the first floor or the part near the outer wall of the first basement, but the constant (negative) pressure fuel oil or gas boiler can be set on the second basement floor or on the roof. The normal (negative) pressure gas boiler installed on the roof should not be less than 6m away from the safety exit leading to the roof.
the
Boilers that use combustible gas with a relative density (ratio to air density) of not less than 0.75 as fuel shall not be installed underground or semi-underground.
the
2) The evacuation doors of the boiler room and transformer room should lead directly to the outside or safety exit.
the
3) The boiler room, transformer room, etc. and other parts should be separated by a fire partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2.00h and a non-combustible floor of 1.50h. There should be no openings on the partition wall and floor slab, and when it is really necessary to set doors and windows on the partition wall, Class A fire doors and windows should be used.
the
4) When an oil storage room is set up in the boiler room, its total storage capacity shall not exceed 1m3, and the oil storage room shall be separated from the boiler room by a fireproof partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 3.00h; For doors, Class A fire doors shall be used.
the
5) Between the transformer rooms, between the transformer room and the power distribution room, a fireproof partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2.00h should be installed.
the
6) Oil-immersed transformers, multi-oil switch rooms, and high-voltage capacitor rooms should be equipped with facilities to prevent oil from dispersing. Emergency oil storage facilities that can store all the oil in the transformer should be installed under the oil-immersed transformer.
the
7) Fire alarm devices should be installed.
the
8) Fire extinguishing facilities suitable for the capacity of boilers, transformers, capacitors and multi-oil switches, etc. and the building scale should be installed. When automatic sprinkler systems are installed in other parts of the building, automatic sprinkler systems should be installed.
the
3. The oil or gas boiler room should be equipped with natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation facilities. Explosion-proof emergency exhaust fans should be selected for gas-fired boiler rooms. When mechanical ventilation is adopted, the mechanical ventilation facilities shall be equipped with grounding devices for conducting and eliminating static electricity, and the ventilation volume shall meet the following requirements:
the
1) The normal ventilation volume of the oil-fired boiler room should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 3 times/h, and the accidental exhaust air volume should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 6 times/h;
the
2) The normal ventilation volume of the gas-fired boiler room should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 6 times/h, and the accidental exhaust air volume should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 12 times/h.
At present, my country's power plant boilers are generally coal-fired boilers, and there are few oil-fired gas-fired boilers. Only a small amount of oil-fired boilers are used in special occasions such as places with heavy oil and residual oil. In addition, many small and medium-sized boilers for heating use fuel-fired gas-fired boilers to meet environmental protection standards.
the
1. What is the function of the boiler?
the
The heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace is used to heat the feed water to generate steam that meets the specified parameters (temperature, pressure) and quality, and send it to the steam turbine for work.
the
The working principle of the oil-fired boiler: The fuel of the boiler is mainly diesel or heavy oil, and the fuel injector connected to the combustion chamber of the boiler body is ignited through electric control. It can be divided into three processes: the combustion process of oil continuously and violently oxidized, the heat transfer process of flame and high-temperature flue gas continuously transferring heat to the water in the pot, the continuous flow and circulation of water in the pot, the water circulation process of vaporization that absorbs heat and heats up, and vaporization process.
the
2. Structural features
the
Oil-fired gas-fired boilers are different from coal-fired boilers. They need to use burners to inject fuel into the boiler furnace, and use fire chambers for combustion without using grate facilities. Since the fuel-fired gas-fired boiler does not produce combustion ash after combustion, the fuel-fired gas-fired boiler does not need slag discharge facilities. If the oil and gas sprayed into the furnace are mixed with air within a certain range or extinguished, it will easily explode. Therefore, all oil-fired gas boilers need to adopt automatic combustion and control systems.
the
3. The difference in structure
the
[1] The heating surface of the furnace is very different. Due to the complexity, I will not explain it in detail here.
the
[2] The burner equipped with an oil-fired boiler must have an oil physicochemical device, while the burner equipped with a gas-fired boiler does not need a materialized device.
the
[3] Oil-fired boilers use burners. In coal-fired boilers, there are combustion methods such as fixed grate, pulverized coal burner, and fluidized fluidized furnace.
the
[4] Oil-fired boilers generally do not have an embering device, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged through the chimney. Coal-fired boilers generally have ash removal facilities such as ash hoppers and slag extractors.
the
[5] There is not much difference between the oil-fired boiler and the gas-fired boiler in terms of the body structure, but the heating surface is adjusted accordingly due to the different calorific value of the fuel. That is, the oil-fired boiler has a larger radiation heating area, while the gas-fired boiler has a larger convection heating surface.
the
[6] Oil-fired boilers must be equipped with a more complex oil supply system (especially when burning heavy oil and residual oil), such as fuel tanks, oil pumps, filter heating pipes, etc., which must occupy a certain space, while gas-fired boilers do not need Configure gas storage device. Just connect the gas pipeline to the gas supply network. Of course, pressure regulating devices, solenoid valves, buffer valves and other accessories need to be installed on the pipeline to ensure the safe operation of the boiler.
the
The boiler room is an equipment room, and there are relevant regulations in the plane layout and plane layout of the building for everyone to learn.
the
1. The fire separation distance between civil buildings and oil, gas or coal-fired boiler rooms shall comply with the regulations for category D factory buildings, but the evaporation capacity of a single steam boiler shall not exceed 4t/h or the rated thermal power of a single hot water boiler shall not exceed The fire separation distance of a 2.8MW coal-fired boiler room can be determined according to the fire resistance rating of the boiler room and in accordance with the relevant civil building regulations.
the
2. Oil or gas boilers, oil-immersed transformers, high-voltage capacitors filled with combustible fuel, and oil-rich switches, etc., should be installed in special rooms outside the building; separate buildings, and should not be adjacent to densely populated places, the fire resistance rating of this special room should not be lower than Class II; if it is really necessary to arrange it in a civil building, it should not be arranged on the upper or lower floor of the densely populated place or adjacent to it, and shall meet the following requirements:
the
1) The fuel oil or gas boiler room and the transformer room should be set on the first floor or the part near the outer wall of the first basement, but the constant (negative) pressure fuel oil or gas boiler can be set on the second basement floor or on the roof. The normal (negative) pressure gas boiler installed on the roof should not be less than 6m away from the safety exit leading to the roof.
the
Boilers that use combustible gas with a relative density (ratio to air density) of not less than 0.75 as fuel shall not be installed underground or semi-underground.
the
2) The evacuation doors of the boiler room and transformer room should lead directly to the outside or safety exit.
the
3) The boiler room, transformer room, etc. and other parts should be separated by a fire partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2.00h and a non-combustible floor of 1.50h. There should be no openings on the partition wall and floor slab, and when it is really necessary to set doors and windows on the partition wall, Class A fire doors and windows should be used.
the
4) When an oil storage room is set up in the boiler room, its total storage capacity shall not exceed 1m3, and the oil storage room shall be separated from the boiler room by a fireproof partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 3.00h; For doors, Class A fire doors shall be used.
the
5) Between the transformer rooms, between the transformer room and the power distribution room, a fireproof partition wall with a fire resistance rating of not less than 2.00h should be installed.
the
6) Oil-immersed transformers, multi-oil switch rooms, and high-voltage capacitor rooms should be equipped with facilities to prevent oil from dispersing. Emergency oil storage facilities that can store all the oil in the transformer should be installed under the oil-immersed transformer.
the
7) Fire alarm devices should be installed.
the
8) Fire extinguishing facilities suitable for the capacity of boilers, transformers, capacitors and multi-oil switches, etc. and the building scale should be installed. When automatic sprinkler systems are installed in other parts of the building, automatic sprinkler systems should be installed.
the
3. The oil or gas boiler room should be equipped with natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation facilities. Explosion-proof emergency exhaust fans should be selected for gas-fired boiler rooms. When mechanical ventilation is adopted, the mechanical ventilation facilities shall be equipped with grounding devices for conducting and eliminating static electricity, and the ventilation volume shall meet the following requirements:
the
1) The normal ventilation volume of the oil-fired boiler room should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 3 times/h, and the accidental exhaust air volume should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 6 times/h;
the
2) The normal ventilation volume of the gas-fired boiler room should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 6 times/h, and the accidental exhaust air volume should be determined according to the number of air changes not less than 12 times/h.