The combustion equipment of the boiler provides good combustion conditions in order to maximize the release of the chemical energy of the fuel and convert it into heat energy.
There are three types of boiler combustion: layer combustion (fire bed combustion), chamber combustion (suspension combustion), and boiling combustion. Various combustion methods have their corresponding combustion equipment. Fixed grate, chain grate, reciprocating grate, vibrating grate, etc. belong to the layer combustion type and are suitable for burning solid fuels. Pulverized coal boilers, oil-fired boilers, and gas-fired boilers are chamber-fired, suitable for powdered solid fuels, liquid fuels, and gaseous fuels. The bubbling fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bed belong to the boiling combustion mode and are suitable for burning granular solid fuel. The coal thrower chain grate has both layer combustion and chamber combustion combustion methods, which belongs to the mixed combustion method.
1. Fixed grate: one of the oldest and simple layer combustion equipment, divided into two kinds of single-layer grate and double-layer grate A single-layer grate is made of cast iron, there are plate and strip B double-layer Fire grate, there are upper and lower layers of fire grate inside, the upper fire grate is a fixed fire grate composed of water cooling pipes, and the lower fire grate is a fixed fire grate of ordinary cast iron. The space above the upper grate is the air chamber, the space below the lower grate is the ash pit, and the space between the two layers of grate is the combustion chamber.
2. Chain grate: a combustion equipment with a relatively complete structure. Due to the high degree of mechanization (coal addition, slag removal, ash removal, etc. are all done mechanically), the manufacturing process is mature, and the operation is stable and reliable. Manual ignition can make the fuel burn more fully and the combustion rate is also high. It is suitable for large and medium-sized boilers. , Small industrial boilers. According to the structure, the domestic chain grate can be divided into chain belt type, beam type and scale type chain grate. A chain belt chain grate is of light structure and is suitable for steam boilers with rated evaporation less than 10t/Hd or combustion boilers with corresponding capacity. The B beam type chain grate uses a very rigid beam as a support, and the grate pieces are embedded in the grooves of the support beam. When the sprocket on the driving shaft drives the chain to rotate, the beam and the entire grate on it move accordingly. C scale chain grate is suitable for steam boilers with rated evaporation greater than 10t/Hd or combustion boilers with corresponding capacity.
3. Reciprocating grate: a kind of combustion equipment that uses the reciprocating motion of the grate to realize the mechanization of coal feeding, slag removal and fire poking. The reciprocating grate can be divided into inclined reciprocating grate and horizontal reciprocating grate according to the layout. The B horizontal reciprocating grate is composed of fixed grate pieces and movable grate pieces interlaced, and the grate pieces are overlapped with each other.
4. Vibration grate: a vibrator consisting of eccentric block exciter, beam, grate sheet, tie rod, spring plate, rear sealing device, exciter motor, anchor screws, shock-absorbing rubber pad, lower frame, and front sealing device. Measuring beam, fixed fulcrum and other components. It has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, light weight, less metal consumption, low equipment investment, good combustion conditions, high grate area load, and strong adaptability to coal types. It has been used in industrial boilers.
5. Coal thrower: According to the coal throwing method, the coal thrower can be divided into wind-force coal thrower, mechanical coal thrower and mechanical-wind coal thrower. The mechanical coal thrower has the functions of mechanical coal thrower and wind coal thrower. It consists of two main parts: coal feeding part and coal throwing part.
6. Ebullating combustion fluidized bed: a gas-solid two-phase bed between a fixed bed and a suspended bed. Fluidized beds are divided into bubbling beds, turbulent beds and fast beds according to different fluidization velocities. A bubbling fluidized bed structure consists of coal feeding device, air distribution device, air chamber, ash overflow port, boiling layer, suspension section and so on. Features Strong adaptability to coal types, enhanced heat transfer, steel saving, easy comprehensive utilization of ash and slag, less environmental pollution than pulverized coal boilers, and simple boiler body structure. B circulating fluidized bed is a new generation of high-efficiency, low-pollution clean coal combustion technology. Its characteristic is that the fuel and desulfurizing agent go through multiple cycles in the fluidized bed state, and repeatedly carry out low-temperature combustion and desulfurization reactions. C The main difference between the combustion process of circulating fluidized bed and bubbling fluidized bed is that 1. The fluidization velocity in the boiling layer of circulating fluidized bed is very high, generally 3-10m/s, up to 10m/s, and the bubbling flow The fluidization velocity of the bed boiler is 1-3m/s.
7. Combustion equipment of pulverized coal boiler: Coal first passes through coal grinding equipment, and then is sprayed into the furnace for combustion. The entire combustion process is carried out in a suspended state in the furnace. This kind of boiler is called pulverized coal furnace. Its characteristics can improve the mixing with air, accelerate the ignition box and combustion, and the coal type has wide applicability, suitable for large and medium-sized boilers. The combustion equipment of the pulverized coal boiler includes pulverized coal equipment, pulverized coal system and pulverized coal burner.
8. Oil burner: It is composed of a fuel injector and an air regulator; it is a kind of combustion equipment that atomizes the fuel oil and sends it into the furnace after being strongly mixed with the air, so that the oil-gas mixture is in a suspended state in the furnace. The oil burner is the key equipment of the oil-fired boiler. According to the type of fuel used, it can be divided into light oil burner and heavy oil burner. Heavy oil has a high viscosity, and a preheater is generally installed in the heavy oil burner. Most industrial oil-fired boilers are equipped with light oil burners.
9. Gas burner: it is the main combustion equipment of gas boiler. Gas burners include diffusion burners, atmospheric burners and fully premixed burners.
The combustion equipment of the boiler provides good combustion conditions in order to maximize the release of the chemical energy of the fuel and convert it into heat energy.
There are three types of boiler combustion: layer combustion (fire bed combustion), chamber combustion (suspension combustion), and boiling combustion. Various combustion methods have their corresponding combustion equipment. Fixed grate, chain grate, reciprocating grate, vibrating grate, etc. belong to the layer combustion type and are suitable for burning solid fuels. Pulverized coal boilers, oil-fired boilers, and gas-fired boilers are chamber-fired, suitable for powdered solid fuels, liquid fuels, and gaseous fuels. The bubbling fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bed belong to the boiling combustion mode and are suitable for burning granular solid fuel. The coal thrower chain grate has both layer combustion and chamber combustion combustion methods, which belongs to the mixed combustion method.
1. Fixed grate: one of the oldest and simple layer combustion equipment, divided into two kinds of single-layer grate and double-layer grate A single-layer grate is made of cast iron, there are plate and strip B double-layer Fire grate, there are upper and lower layers of fire grate inside, the upper fire grate is a fixed fire grate composed of water cooling pipes, and the lower fire grate is a fixed fire grate of ordinary cast iron. The space above the upper grate is the air chamber, the space below the lower grate is the ash pit, and the space between the two layers of grate is the combustion chamber.
2. Chain grate: a combustion equipment with a relatively complete structure. Due to the high degree of mechanization (coal addition, slag removal, ash removal, etc. are all done mechanically), the manufacturing process is mature, and the operation is stable and reliable. Manual ignition can make the fuel burn more fully and the combustion rate is also high. It is suitable for large and medium-sized boilers. , Small industrial boilers. According to the structure, the domestic chain grate can be divided into chain belt type, beam type and scale type chain grate. A chain belt chain grate is of light structure and is suitable for steam boilers with rated evaporation less than 10t/Hd or combustion boilers with corresponding capacity. The B beam type chain grate uses a very rigid beam as a support, and the grate pieces are embedded in the grooves of the support beam. When the sprocket on the driving shaft drives the chain to rotate, the beam and the entire grate on it move accordingly. C scale chain grate is suitable for steam boilers with rated evaporation greater than 10t/Hd or combustion boilers with corresponding capacity.
3. Reciprocating grate: a kind of combustion equipment that uses the reciprocating motion of the grate to realize the mechanization of coal feeding, slag removal and fire poking. The reciprocating grate can be divided into inclined reciprocating grate and horizontal reciprocating grate according to the layout. The B horizontal reciprocating grate is composed of fixed grate pieces and movable grate pieces interlaced, and the grate pieces are overlapped with each other.
4. Vibration grate: a vibrator consisting of eccentric block exciter, beam, grate sheet, tie rod, spring plate, rear sealing device, exciter motor, anchor screws, shock-absorbing rubber pad, lower frame, and front sealing device. Measuring beam, fixed fulcrum and other components. It has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, light weight, less metal consumption, low equipment investment, good combustion conditions, high grate area load, and strong adaptability to coal types. It has been used in industrial boilers.
5. Coal thrower: According to the coal throwing method, the coal thrower can be divided into wind-force coal thrower, mechanical coal thrower and mechanical-wind coal thrower. The mechanical coal thrower has the functions of mechanical coal thrower and wind coal thrower. It consists of two main parts: coal feeding part and coal throwing part.
6. Ebullating combustion fluidized bed: a gas-solid two-phase bed between a fixed bed and a suspended bed. Fluidized beds are divided into bubbling beds, turbulent beds and fast beds according to different fluidization velocities. A bubbling fluidized bed structure consists of coal feeding device, air distribution device, air chamber, ash overflow port, boiling layer, suspension section and so on. Features Strong adaptability to coal types, enhanced heat transfer, steel saving, easy comprehensive utilization of ash and slag, less environmental pollution than pulverized coal boilers, and simple boiler body structure. B circulating fluidized bed is a new generation of high-efficiency, low-pollution clean coal combustion technology. Its characteristic is that the fuel and desulfurizing agent go through multiple cycles in the fluidized bed state, and repeatedly carry out low-temperature combustion and desulfurization reactions. C The main difference between the combustion process of circulating fluidized bed and bubbling fluidized bed is that 1. The fluidization velocity in the boiling layer of circulating fluidized bed is very high, generally 3-10m/s, up to 10m/s, and the bubbling flow The fluidization velocity of the bed boiler is 1-3m/s.
7. Combustion equipment of pulverized coal boiler: Coal first passes through coal grinding equipment, and then is sprayed into the furnace for combustion. The entire combustion process is carried out in a suspended state in the furnace. This kind of boiler is called pulverized coal furnace. Its characteristics can improve the mixing with air, accelerate the ignition box and combustion, and the coal type has wide applicability, suitable for large and medium-sized boilers. The combustion equipment of the pulverized coal boiler includes pulverized coal equipment, pulverized coal system and pulverized coal burner.
8. Oil burner: It is composed of a fuel injector and an air regulator; it is a kind of combustion equipment that atomizes the fuel oil and sends it into the furnace after being strongly mixed with the air, so that the oil-gas mixture is in a suspended state in the furnace. The oil burner is the key equipment of the oil-fired boiler. According to the type of fuel used, it can be divided into light oil burner and heavy oil burner. Heavy oil has a high viscosity, and a preheater is generally installed in the heavy oil burner. Most industrial oil-fired boilers are equipped with light oil burners.
9. Gas burner: it is the main combustion equipment of gas boiler. Gas burners include diffusion burners, atmospheric burners and fully premixed burners.