(1) France
The government issued a government order on September 16, 1997, allowing the transmission of H-type natural gas and B-type natural gas in two different types of transmission and distribution pipeline networks in France. The calorific value ranges of natural gas in H-type and B-type pipeline networks are: 10.7 -12.8kwh/Nm3, that is 38.52-40.08MJ/Nm3 (9200-11006kcal/Nm3, reference conditions: 0. C, 101.325kpa, the same below) and 9.5-10.5kwh/Nm3, that is 34.2-37.8MJ/ Nm3(8169-9028kcal/NM3). Two sets of natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline networks with different calorific values supply different types of natural gas users respectively, so as to solve the interchangeability problem caused by the mismatch of gas sources.
(2) United States
The United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission stipulates that the calorific value standard of natural gas in the United States is: 1000Btu/ft3, which is 37.26MJ/Nm3 (8900kcal/Nm3). With the increase of LNG imports, the gas source is becoming more and more complicated. interchangeability problem.
(3) Japan
Although there is no nationwide pipeline network, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan stipulates that natural gas companies in all regions must abide by the standard calorific value of 46.05MJ/NM3 (11000kcal/Nm3).
(4) South Korea
The gas company is a monopoly company, and the natural gas calorific value standard of its equipment is 43.96MJNm3 (10500kcal/Nm3).
(5) Belgium
Invest in the development of natural gas burners with strong adaptability, so that the burning appliances can adapt to the changes of natural gas origin components.
(6) Netherlands and Germany
Natural gas storage facilities have a large capacity. By mixing natural gas with different calorific values and adjusting them into mixed gases that meet user needs, the problem of natural gas replaceability can be solved. The standard calorific value of two sets of pipe networks in Germany: 10.12-10.08kwh/Nm3, namely It is 36.18-36.03MJ/Nm3 (8646-8612kcal/Nm3) and 11.21-11.18kwh/Nm3, which is 40.08-39.97MJ/Nm3 (9579-9552kcal/Nm3).
(7) Great Britain
Because of a large number of outdated domestic equipment, we have adopted a wait-and-see attitude on the standardization of natural gas specifications. At present, the recommended calorific value of natural gas is 39.8MJ/Nm3, and the pricing standard is kwh/Nm3.
Looking at the experience of natural gas utilization in advanced countries in the world and the current situation of natural gas utilization in my country, we can draw a conclusion: Unifying the standard of natural gas calorific value is an important link in the standardized management of natural gas utilization. We must learn from the experience of other countries and avoid repeating historical mistakes.
The Necessity of Unifying the Calorific Value Standards of Natural Gas
When replacing one gas with another, the "interchangeability" of the gas and the "adaptability" of the burning appliance must be fully considered. When the nature of the gas supplied to the user changes, the replacement gas must be "interchangeable" with the reference gas, otherwise the safety of the user cannot be guaranteed. This puts forward strict requirements on the gas production unit (supplier), limiting the Any change in nature. Therefore, it is very important to unify the calorific value standard of natural gas.
(1) Unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is the need to build a common pipeline network.
With the extension, expansion and development of the natural gas supply pipeline network, it will develop from community interconnection to regional interconnection, and finally to national interconnection, and even transnational interconnection. This is an inevitable trend for the development of the natural gas industry. This requires that all gas sources entering the pipeline network must abide by a standard of calorific value, must meet the requirements of gas facilities in the network, and form a quality assurance system with multiple gas sources, multiple production areas, multiple sellers, and multiple users.
(2) Unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is the need of the commercial behavior of equal calorific value trading
At present, the price of gas in my country is marked with the amount per cubic meter, without considering the factors affecting the calorific value. In fact, this is very unreasonable. The international standard is the heat settlement method. The calorific value of Libyan natural gas is 12375kcal/Nm3, a difference of 3375kcal/Nm3 compared with 9000kcal/Nm3 of Norwegian natural gas; the calorific value of Xinjiang LNG gas is 1560kcal/Nm3 compared with 8232kcal/Nm3 of Xiaganning natural gas. Natural gas with very different calorific value cannot be sold at the same price. Therefore, in this respect, a unified calorific value standard is beneficial to commercial settlement.
(3) Unified natural gas calorific value standard is the need of some special industrial users
The processing of some special industrial products, such as TV picture tubes and glass thin-shell tubes, requires high precision in temperature control. Therefore, the composition and calorific value of the gas are required to be relatively stable, and the calorific value of natural gas is only allowed to fluctuate within the range of ± 100kcal/Nm3.
(4) Unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is the need of burning appliance manufacturers and users to reduce costs and improve service quality.
The same natural gas calorific value standard is conducive to the coordination and unification of gas appliance manufacturers across the country. The production of gas appliances with a single calorific value standard is conducive to reducing production costs for gas appliance manufacturers, reducing product maintenance service costs for the entire society, and improving economic and social benefits.
Possible measures to unify the calorific value standard of natural gas in my country
The essence of unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is to solve the problem of interchangeability between different gas sources, and the means of its implementation is to adjust the combustion characteristics of gas. Because of the singularity of the relationship between the calorific value of natural gas and the Wobbe index, the actual performance is to adjust the calorific value of natural gas.
(1) Increased calorific value
Add high calorific value gas, such as liquefied petroleum gas, light hydrocarbon gas, etc. to natural gas to make it reach the required calorific value. Japan is using this method to add liquefied petroleum gas to natural gas to make its calorific value reach 11000kcal/Nm3, achieving the goal of consistent calorific value.
(2) Calorific value reduction method
1. Blending of non-calorific (low-calorific) gas: adding low calorific value nitrogen, air or other low calorific value gas to natural gas to reduce the calorific value of natural gas to reach the target value we set.
2. Separation of light hydrocarbons: Separating heavy components such as ethane and propane with relatively high calorific value in natural gas, increasing the content of methane, and reducing the calorific value to the target value.
(3) Natural gas blending method
According to the set calorific value target value, different calorific value, different sources of natural gas or other gas are mixed according to the corresponding proportion to meet the requirements. For example, the Netherlands and Germany use their huge natural gas storage and transportation facilities to use this method to achieve stable calorific value and solve the problem of natural gas interchangeability.
(1) France
The government issued a government order on September 16, 1997, allowing the transmission of H-type natural gas and B-type natural gas in two different types of transmission and distribution pipeline networks in France. The calorific value ranges of natural gas in H-type and B-type pipeline networks are: 10.7 -12.8kwh/Nm3, that is 38.52-40.08MJ/Nm3 (9200-11006kcal/Nm3, reference conditions: 0. C, 101.325kpa, the same below) and 9.5-10.5kwh/Nm3, that is 34.2-37.8MJ/ Nm3(8169-9028kcal/NM3). Two sets of natural gas transmission and distribution pipeline networks with different calorific values supply different types of natural gas users respectively, so as to solve the interchangeability problem caused by the mismatch of gas sources.
(2) United States
The United States Federal Energy Regulatory Commission stipulates that the calorific value standard of natural gas in the United States is: 1000Btu/ft3, which is 37.26MJ/Nm3 (8900kcal/Nm3). With the increase of LNG imports, the gas source is becoming more and more complicated. interchangeability problem.
(3) Japan
Although there is no nationwide pipeline network, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan stipulates that natural gas companies in all regions must abide by the standard calorific value of 46.05MJ/NM3 (11000kcal/Nm3).
(4) South Korea
The gas company is a monopoly company, and the natural gas calorific value standard of its equipment is 43.96MJNm3 (10500kcal/Nm3).
(5) Belgium
Invest in the development of natural gas burners with strong adaptability, so that the burning appliances can adapt to the changes of natural gas origin components.
(6) Netherlands and Germany
Natural gas storage facilities have a large capacity. By mixing natural gas with different calorific values and adjusting them into mixed gases that meet user needs, the problem of natural gas replaceability can be solved. The standard calorific value of two sets of pipe networks in Germany: 10.12-10.08kwh/Nm3, namely It is 36.18-36.03MJ/Nm3 (8646-8612kcal/Nm3) and 11.21-11.18kwh/Nm3, which is 40.08-39.97MJ/Nm3 (9579-9552kcal/Nm3).
(7) Great Britain
Because of a large number of outdated domestic equipment, we have adopted a wait-and-see attitude on the standardization of natural gas specifications. At present, the recommended calorific value of natural gas is 39.8MJ/Nm3, and the pricing standard is kwh/Nm3.
Looking at the experience of natural gas utilization in advanced countries in the world and the current situation of natural gas utilization in my country, we can draw a conclusion: Unifying the standard of natural gas calorific value is an important link in the standardized management of natural gas utilization. We must learn from the experience of other countries and avoid repeating historical mistakes.
The Necessity of Unifying the Calorific Value Standards of Natural Gas
When replacing one gas with another, the "interchangeability" of the gas and the "adaptability" of the burning appliance must be fully considered. When the nature of the gas supplied to the user changes, the replacement gas must be "interchangeable" with the reference gas, otherwise the safety of the user cannot be guaranteed. This puts forward strict requirements on the gas production unit (supplier), limiting the Any change in nature. Therefore, it is very important to unify the calorific value standard of natural gas.
(1) Unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is the need to build a common pipeline network.
With the extension, expansion and development of the natural gas supply pipeline network, it will develop from community interconnection to regional interconnection, and finally to national interconnection, and even transnational interconnection. This is an inevitable trend for the development of the natural gas industry. This requires that all gas sources entering the pipeline network must abide by a standard of calorific value, must meet the requirements of gas facilities in the network, and form a quality assurance system with multiple gas sources, multiple production areas, multiple sellers, and multiple users.
(2) Unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is the need of the commercial behavior of equal calorific value trading
At present, the price of gas in my country is marked with the amount per cubic meter, without considering the factors affecting the calorific value. In fact, this is very unreasonable. The international standard is the heat settlement method. The calorific value of Libyan natural gas is 12375kcal/Nm3, a difference of 3375kcal/Nm3 compared with 9000kcal/Nm3 of Norwegian natural gas; the calorific value of Xinjiang LNG gas is 1560kcal/Nm3 compared with 8232kcal/Nm3 of Xiaganning natural gas. Natural gas with very different calorific value cannot be sold at the same price. Therefore, in this respect, a unified calorific value standard is beneficial to commercial settlement.
(3) Unified natural gas calorific value standard is the need of some special industrial users
The processing of some special industrial products, such as TV picture tubes and glass thin-shell tubes, requires high precision in temperature control. Therefore, the composition and calorific value of the gas are required to be relatively stable, and the calorific value of natural gas is only allowed to fluctuate within the range of ± 100kcal/Nm3.
(4) Unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is the need of burning appliance manufacturers and users to reduce costs and improve service quality.
The same natural gas calorific value standard is conducive to the coordination and unification of gas appliance manufacturers across the country. The production of gas appliances with a single calorific value standard is conducive to reducing production costs for gas appliance manufacturers, reducing product maintenance service costs for the entire society, and improving economic and social benefits.
Possible measures to unify the calorific value standard of natural gas in my country
The essence of unifying the calorific value standard of natural gas is to solve the problem of interchangeability between different gas sources, and the means of its implementation is to adjust the combustion characteristics of gas. Because of the singularity of the relationship between the calorific value of natural gas and the Wobbe index, the actual performance is to adjust the calorific value of natural gas.
(1) Increased calorific value
Add high calorific value gas, such as liquefied petroleum gas, light hydrocarbon gas, etc. to natural gas to make it reach the required calorific value. Japan is using this method to add liquefied petroleum gas to natural gas to make its calorific value reach 11000kcal/Nm3, achieving the goal of consistent calorific value.
(2) Calorific value reduction method
1. Blending of non-calorific (low-calorific) gas: adding low calorific value nitrogen, air or other low calorific value gas to natural gas to reduce the calorific value of natural gas to reach the target value we set.
2. Separation of light hydrocarbons: Separating heavy components such as ethane and propane with relatively high calorific value in natural gas, increasing the content of methane, and reducing the calorific value to the target value.
(3) Natural gas blending method
According to the set calorific value target value, different calorific value, different sources of natural gas or other gas are mixed according to the corresponding proportion to meet the requirements. For example, the Netherlands and Germany use their huge natural gas storage and transportation facilities to use this method to achieve stable calorific value and solve the problem of natural gas interchangeability.