As a mechatronic device with a high degree of automation, the burner can be divided into five systems according to its functions: air supply system, ignition system, monitoring system, fuel system, and electronic control system.
1. Air supply system
The function of the air supply system is to supply air with a certain wind speed and air volume into the combustion chamber. Its main components are: shell, fan motor, fan impeller, air gun fire tube, damper controller, damper baffle, and diffusion disk.
Shell: It is the main component of the mounting bracket of the various components of the burner and the fresh air inlet channel.
Fan motor: It mainly provides power for the operation of the fan impeller and high-pressure oil pump. Some burners also use a separate motor to provide oil pump power.
Fan impeller: It generates enough wind pressure through high-speed rotation to overcome the furnace resistance and chimney resistance, and blows enough air into the combustion chamber to meet the needs of combustion.
Air gun fire tube: It plays the role of guiding airflow and stabilizing wind pressure. It is also a component of the air inlet channel. Generally, there is a jacket flange connected to the furnace mouth. Its constituent materials are generally high-strength and high-temperature resistant alloy steel.
Damper controller: It is a driving device that controls the rotation of the damper through a mechanical connecting rod.
Damper damper: Its main function is to adjust the size of the air inlet channel to control the size of the air inlet. Its constituent materials are injection molding and alloy. The injection molding damper is generally a single piece, and the alloy damper has a variety of combinations such as single piece, double piece, and three pieces.
Diffuser: Its special structure can produce a rotating airflow, which helps to fully mix the air and fuel, and also has the function of adjusting the secondary air volume.
2. Ignition system
The function of the ignition system is to ignite the mixture of air and fuel. Its main components are: ignition transformer, ignition electrode, and electric ignition high-voltage cable.
Ignition transformer: It is a conversion element that produces high-voltage output. Its output voltage is generally: 2×5KV, 2×6KV, 2×7KV, and the output current is generally 15~30mA.
Ignition electrode: Converts high-voltage electrical energy into light energy and heat energy in the form of arc discharge to ignite the fuel. Generally, there are two types: single-body type and split type.
Electric fire high-voltage cable: its function is to transmit electrical energy.
3. Monitoring system
The function of the monitoring system is to ensure the safe operation of the burner. Its main components include flame monitors, pressure monitors, and temperature monitors.
Flame monitor: its main function is to monitor the formation of the flame and generate signals to report to the program controller. There are three main types of flame detectors: photoresistors, ultraviolet UV electric eyes, and ionization electrodes.
Pressure monitor: generally used for gas burners, mainly for gas high-pressure and low-pressure monitoring, as well as wind pressure monitoring. If the burner is used for steam boilers, there is also steam pressure monitoring.
Temperature monitor: mainly for flue gas temperature monitoring and control, fuel oil (heavy oil) temperature monitoring and control, and system water and medium water temperature monitoring and control.
4. Fuel system
The function of the fuel system is to ensure the fuel required for the burner to burn. The fuel system of the fuel burner mainly includes: oil pipes and joints, oil pumps, solenoid valves, nozzles, and heavy oil preheaters. Gas burners mainly include filters, pressure regulators, solenoid valve groups, and ignition solenoid valve groups.
Oil pipes and joints: used to transmit fuel.
Oil pump: a mechanism that produces pressurized oil. The output oil pressure is generally above 10 bar to meet the requirements of atomization and fuel injection. It is divided into single-tube output and double-tube output.
Solenoid valve: used to control the on and off of the oil circuit, mostly two-way valves and three-way valves.
Nozzle: The main function is to atomize oil droplets. The main parameters of the oil nozzle are injection angle (30°, 45°, 60°, 80°), injection method (solid, hollow, semi-hollow) and fuel injection amount.
Heavy oil preheater: a special equipment for heavy oil burners, used to heat heavy oil to a certain temperature, reduce viscosity, and increase the atomization effect of heavy oil. Its temperature control device is interlocked with the burner control circuit.
Filter: Its function is to prevent impurities from entering the solenoid valve group and burner.
Pressure regulator: Its main function is to reduce and stabilize the pressure. It is generally used in high-pressure gas supply systems, and its inlet pressure cannot be lower than 100mbar.
Solenoid valve group: It is generally composed of a safety solenoid valve and a main solenoid valve. There are split and integrated types. The integrated solenoid valve group is generally combined with a pressure stabilizing valve and a filter. The safety solenoid valve is generally a fast-opening and fast-closing type. The main solenoid valve is generally a two-stage type, and there are fast-opening and fast-closing types and slow-opening and fast-closing types. Solenoid valve leakage detector: Its function is to detect whether the solenoid valve group is tightly closed. It is generally used on burners with a power greater than 1400kw.
Ignition solenoid valve group: It is generally composed of a manual ball valve, a voltage stabilizer, and a solenoid valve. It is mainly used for burners with higher power.
5. Electronic control system The electronic control system is the command center and contact center of the above systems. The main control element is the program controller. Different burners are equipped with different program controllers. Common program controllers include: LFL series, LAL series, LOA series, and LGB series. The main difference is the different time of each program step.
As a mechatronic device with a high degree of automation, the burner can be divided into five systems according to its functions: air supply system, ignition system, monitoring system, fuel system, and electronic control system.
1. Air supply system
The function of the air supply system is to supply air with a certain wind speed and air volume into the combustion chamber. Its main components are: shell, fan motor, fan impeller, air gun fire tube, damper controller, damper baffle, and diffusion disk.
Shell: It is the main component of the mounting bracket of the various components of the burner and the fresh air inlet channel.
Fan motor: It mainly provides power for the operation of the fan impeller and high-pressure oil pump. Some burners also use a separate motor to provide oil pump power.
Fan impeller: It generates enough wind pressure through high-speed rotation to overcome the furnace resistance and chimney resistance, and blows enough air into the combustion chamber to meet the needs of combustion.
Air gun fire tube: It plays the role of guiding airflow and stabilizing wind pressure. It is also a component of the air inlet channel. Generally, there is a jacket flange connected to the furnace mouth. Its constituent materials are generally high-strength and high-temperature resistant alloy steel.
Damper controller: It is a driving device that controls the rotation of the damper through a mechanical connecting rod.
Damper damper: Its main function is to adjust the size of the air inlet channel to control the size of the air inlet. Its constituent materials are injection molding and alloy. The injection molding damper is generally a single piece, and the alloy damper has a variety of combinations such as single piece, double piece, and three pieces.
Diffuser: Its special structure can produce a rotating airflow, which helps to fully mix the air and fuel, and also has the function of adjusting the secondary air volume.
2. Ignition system
The function of the ignition system is to ignite the mixture of air and fuel. Its main components are: ignition transformer, ignition electrode, and electric ignition high-voltage cable.
Ignition transformer: It is a conversion element that produces high-voltage output. Its output voltage is generally: 2×5KV, 2×6KV, 2×7KV, and the output current is generally 15~30mA.
Ignition electrode: Converts high-voltage electrical energy into light energy and heat energy in the form of arc discharge to ignite the fuel. Generally, there are two types: single-body type and split type.
Electric fire high-voltage cable: its function is to transmit electrical energy.
3. Monitoring system
The function of the monitoring system is to ensure the safe operation of the burner. Its main components include flame monitors, pressure monitors, and temperature monitors.
Flame monitor: its main function is to monitor the formation of the flame and generate signals to report to the program controller. There are three main types of flame detectors: photoresistors, ultraviolet UV electric eyes, and ionization electrodes.
Pressure monitor: generally used for gas burners, mainly for gas high-pressure and low-pressure monitoring, as well as wind pressure monitoring. If the burner is used for steam boilers, there is also steam pressure monitoring.
Temperature monitor: mainly for flue gas temperature monitoring and control, fuel oil (heavy oil) temperature monitoring and control, and system water and medium water temperature monitoring and control.
4. Fuel system
The function of the fuel system is to ensure the fuel required for the burner to burn. The fuel system of the fuel burner mainly includes: oil pipes and joints, oil pumps, solenoid valves, nozzles, and heavy oil preheaters. Gas burners mainly include filters, pressure regulators, solenoid valve groups, and ignition solenoid valve groups.
Oil pipes and joints: used to transmit fuel.
Oil pump: a mechanism that produces pressurized oil. The output oil pressure is generally above 10 bar to meet the requirements of atomization and fuel injection. It is divided into single-tube output and double-tube output.
Solenoid valve: used to control the on and off of the oil circuit, mostly two-way valves and three-way valves.
Nozzle: The main function is to atomize oil droplets. The main parameters of the oil nozzle are injection angle (30°, 45°, 60°, 80°), injection method (solid, hollow, semi-hollow) and fuel injection amount.
Heavy oil preheater: a special equipment for heavy oil burners, used to heat heavy oil to a certain temperature, reduce viscosity, and increase the atomization effect of heavy oil. Its temperature control device is interlocked with the burner control circuit.
Filter: Its function is to prevent impurities from entering the solenoid valve group and burner.
Pressure regulator: Its main function is to reduce and stabilize the pressure. It is generally used in high-pressure gas supply systems, and its inlet pressure cannot be lower than 100mbar.
Solenoid valve group: It is generally composed of a safety solenoid valve and a main solenoid valve. There are split and integrated types. The integrated solenoid valve group is generally combined with a pressure stabilizing valve and a filter. The safety solenoid valve is generally a fast-opening and fast-closing type. The main solenoid valve is generally a two-stage type, and there are fast-opening and fast-closing types and slow-opening and fast-closing types. Solenoid valve leakage detector: Its function is to detect whether the solenoid valve group is tightly closed. It is generally used on burners with a power greater than 1400kw.
Ignition solenoid valve group: It is generally composed of a manual ball valve, a voltage stabilizer, and a solenoid valve. It is mainly used for burners with higher power.
5. Electronic control system The electronic control system is the command center and contact center of the above systems. The main control element is the program controller. Different burners are equipped with different program controllers. Common program controllers include: LFL series, LAL series, LOA series, and LGB series. The main difference is the different time of each program step.