As a mechatronic equipment with a high degree of automation, the burner can be divided into five major systems based on its functions: air supply system, ignition system, monitoring system, fuel system, and electronic control system.
1. Air supply system
The function of the air supply system is to deliver air with a certain wind speed and volume into the combustion chamber. Its main components are: casing, fan motor, fan impeller, air gun fire tube, damper controller, damper baffle, and diffusion plate.
Shell: It is the main component of the mounting bracket for each component of the burner and the fresh air inlet channel. From the appearance point of view, it can be divided into two types: box type and gun type. Most box type burners have an outer cover of injection molded material, and the power is generally small. Most high-power burners use split shells, usually gun type. The material of the shell is generally high-strength lightweight alloy castings.
Fan motor: It mainly provides power for the operation of the fan impeller and high-pressure oil pump. Some burners also use a separate motor to provide power for the oil pump. Some low-power burners use single-phase motors, which have relatively small power. Most burners use three-phase motors. The motor can only operate normally if the motor rotates in a certain direction.
Fan impeller: generates enough wind pressure through high-speed rotation to overcome the resistance of the furnace and chimney, and blows enough air into the combustion chamber to meet the needs of combustion. It consists of a cylindrical wheel equipped with blades with a certain tilt angle. The material is generally high-strength lightweight alloy steel, and there are also injection molded products. All qualified fan impellers have good dynamic balance performance.
Air gun fire tube: It plays the role of guiding air flow and stabilizing wind pressure. It is also an integral part of the air inlet channel. Generally, there is a jacket flange connected to the furnace mouth. Its constituent materials are generally high-strength and high-temperature-resistant alloy steel.
Damper controller: It is a driving device that controls the rotation of the damper baffle through a mechanical linkage. Generally, there are two types of hydraulic drive controllers and servo motor drive controllers. The former works stably and is less prone to malfunctions, while the latter controls the air volume to change smoothly.
Damper baffle: Its main function is to adjust the size of the air inlet channel to control the amount of air inlet. There are two types of materials: injection molding and alloy. Injection molding baffles are generally in single-piece form, and alloy baffles are available in various combinations such as single-piece, double-piece, and three-piece forms.
Diffusion plate: Its special structure can generate rotating airflow, which helps to fully mix air and fuel, and also regulates the secondary air volume.
2. Ignition system
The function of the ignition system is to ignite the mixture of air and fuel. Its main components are: ignition transformer, ignition electrode, and electric fire high-voltage cable.
Ignition transformer: It is a conversion component that generates high-voltage output. Its output voltage is generally: 2×5KV, 2×6KV, 2×7KV, and the output current is generally 15~30mA.
Ignition electrode: Converts high-voltage electrical energy into light energy and heat energy through arc discharge to ignite fuel. Generally, there are two types: single type and split type.
Electric fire high-voltage cable: Its function is to transmit electrical energy.
3. Monitoring system
The function of the monitoring system lies in the operation of the burner, and its main component is the flame monitor.
Flame monitor: Its main function is to monitor the formation of flames and generate signals to report to the program controller. There are three main types of flame detectors: photoresistor, ultraviolet UV electric eye and ionization electrode. Take the ultraviolet UV electric eye as an example.
Ultraviolet UV electric eye is generally used on oil and gas dual-purpose burners. This electric eye can only sense ultraviolet rays in the flame (spectral range 190~270 nanometers). The UV tube will not affect the flickering refractory material in the furnace, sunlight, ordinary light or the furnace. The glow substance reacts. If it receives a sufficient amount of ultraviolet light, it can generate an electric current, which is appropriately amplified and passed through the flame relay, causing it to close. Even a small amount of oil will block the passage of ultraviolet rays from entering the photoelectric tube, causing the internal sensing element to not receive a sufficient amount of ultraviolet rays and fail to work. Therefore the photocell must be thoroughly cleaned.
4. Fuel system
The function of the fuel system is for the burner to burn the required fuel. The fuel system of an oil burner mainly includes: oil pipes and joints, oil pump, solenoid valve, nozzle, and filter.
Oil pipes and joints: used to transfer fuel.
Oil pump: A mechanism that generates pressure oil to meet the requirements of atomization and fuel injection volume. It is divided into two types: single-tube output and double-tube output. Some burner oil pumps are coaxially connected to the fan motor, and some have separate oil pump motor drives. The filter mainly protects the transmission mechanism. When the filter is clogged, it will cause excessive vacuum. The filter must be cleaned regularly. After cleaning or replacing the filter, the pump cover must be tightly sealed. Before the oil pump is operated, the oil from the suction side oil pipe must be filled until the pump overflows. Otherwise, the pump will be damaged due to dry operation.
Solenoid valve: used to control the on and off of the oil circuit, mostly two-way valves and three-way valves.
Nozzle: Its main function is to atomize oil droplets. Under the same pressure, a nozzle with a smaller injection volume has better atomization effect. Commonly used nozzles include simple mechanical atomization nozzles and oil return mechanical atomization nozzles. The former has a simple structure, simple system, and is relatively reliable. It is generally used for burners with smaller loads. The latter has a more complex structure and system, but It has good adjustment characteristics and is suitable for use when the boiler load often has a large range of adjustment.
Filter: Its function is to prevent impurities from entering the solenoid valve group and burner.
5. Electronic control system
The electronic control system is the command center and contact center of each of the above systems. The main control component is a programmable controller. Different programmable controllers are equipped for different burners. Common programmable controllers are: LFL series, LAL series, LOA series, and LGB series. , the main difference is the time of each program step.
As a mechatronic equipment with a high degree of automation, the burner can be divided into five major systems based on its functions: air supply system, ignition system, monitoring system, fuel system, and electronic control system.
1. Air supply system
The function of the air supply system is to deliver air with a certain wind speed and volume into the combustion chamber. Its main components are: casing, fan motor, fan impeller, air gun fire tube, damper controller, damper baffle, and diffusion plate.
Shell: It is the main component of the mounting bracket for each component of the burner and the fresh air inlet channel. From the appearance point of view, it can be divided into two types: box type and gun type. Most box type burners have an outer cover of injection molded material, and the power is generally small. Most high-power burners use split shells, usually gun type. The material of the shell is generally high-strength lightweight alloy castings.
Fan motor: It mainly provides power for the operation of the fan impeller and high-pressure oil pump. Some burners also use a separate motor to provide power for the oil pump. Some low-power burners use single-phase motors, which have relatively small power. Most burners use three-phase motors. The motor can only operate normally if the motor rotates in a certain direction.
Fan impeller: generates enough wind pressure through high-speed rotation to overcome the resistance of the furnace and chimney, and blows enough air into the combustion chamber to meet the needs of combustion. It consists of a cylindrical wheel equipped with blades with a certain tilt angle. The material is generally high-strength lightweight alloy steel, and there are also injection molded products. All qualified fan impellers have good dynamic balance performance.
Air gun fire tube: It plays the role of guiding air flow and stabilizing wind pressure. It is also an integral part of the air inlet channel. Generally, there is a jacket flange connected to the furnace mouth. Its constituent materials are generally high-strength and high-temperature-resistant alloy steel.
Damper controller: It is a driving device that controls the rotation of the damper baffle through a mechanical linkage. Generally, there are two types of hydraulic drive controllers and servo motor drive controllers. The former works stably and is less prone to malfunctions, while the latter controls the air volume to change smoothly.
Damper baffle: Its main function is to adjust the size of the air inlet channel to control the amount of air inlet. There are two types of materials: injection molding and alloy. Injection molding baffles are generally in single-piece form, and alloy baffles are available in various combinations such as single-piece, double-piece, and three-piece forms.
Diffusion plate: Its special structure can generate rotating airflow, which helps to fully mix air and fuel, and also regulates the secondary air volume.
2. Ignition system
The function of the ignition system is to ignite the mixture of air and fuel. Its main components are: ignition transformer, ignition electrode, and electric fire high-voltage cable.
Ignition transformer: It is a conversion component that generates high-voltage output. Its output voltage is generally: 2×5KV, 2×6KV, 2×7KV, and the output current is generally 15~30mA.
Ignition electrode: Converts high-voltage electrical energy into light energy and heat energy through arc discharge to ignite fuel. Generally, there are two types: single type and split type.
Electric fire high-voltage cable: Its function is to transmit electrical energy.
3. Monitoring system
The function of the monitoring system lies in the operation of the burner, and its main component is the flame monitor.
Flame monitor: Its main function is to monitor the formation of flames and generate signals to report to the program controller. There are three main types of flame detectors: photoresistor, ultraviolet UV electric eye and ionization electrode. Take the ultraviolet UV electric eye as an example.
Ultraviolet UV electric eye is generally used on oil and gas dual-purpose burners. This electric eye can only sense ultraviolet rays in the flame (spectral range 190~270 nanometers). The UV tube will not affect the flickering refractory material in the furnace, sunlight, ordinary light or the furnace. The glow substance reacts. If it receives a sufficient amount of ultraviolet light, it can generate an electric current, which is appropriately amplified and passed through the flame relay, causing it to close. Even a small amount of oil will block the passage of ultraviolet rays from entering the photoelectric tube, causing the internal sensing element to not receive a sufficient amount of ultraviolet rays and fail to work. Therefore the photocell must be thoroughly cleaned.
4. Fuel system
The function of the fuel system is for the burner to burn the required fuel. The fuel system of an oil burner mainly includes: oil pipes and joints, oil pump, solenoid valve, nozzle, and filter.
Oil pipes and joints: used to transfer fuel.
Oil pump: A mechanism that generates pressure oil to meet the requirements of atomization and fuel injection volume. It is divided into two types: single-tube output and double-tube output. Some burner oil pumps are coaxially connected to the fan motor, and some have separate oil pump motor drives. The filter mainly protects the transmission mechanism. When the filter is clogged, it will cause excessive vacuum. The filter must be cleaned regularly. After cleaning or replacing the filter, the pump cover must be tightly sealed. Before the oil pump is operated, the oil from the suction side oil pipe must be filled until the pump overflows. Otherwise, the pump will be damaged due to dry operation.
Solenoid valve: used to control the on and off of the oil circuit, mostly two-way valves and three-way valves.
Nozzle: Its main function is to atomize oil droplets. Under the same pressure, a nozzle with a smaller injection volume has better atomization effect. Commonly used nozzles include simple mechanical atomization nozzles and oil return mechanical atomization nozzles. The former has a simple structure, simple system, and is relatively reliable. It is generally used for burners with smaller loads. The latter has a more complex structure and system, but It has good adjustment characteristics and is suitable for use when the boiler load often has a large range of adjustment.
Filter: Its function is to prevent impurities from entering the solenoid valve group and burner.
5. Electronic control system
The electronic control system is the command center and contact center of each of the above systems. The main control component is a programmable controller. Different programmable controllers are equipped for different burners. Common programmable controllers are: LFL series, LAL series, LOA series, and LGB series. , the main difference is the time of each program step.