1. Fuel burner
1.1 Classification by atomization method
1.1.1 Pressure atomizing burner
The pressure atomization burner is converted into injection kinetic energy by the pressure of the fuel itself, and the fuel is atomized by the shear disturbance of the air through the liquid film or liquid column. The advantage of this burner is its simple structure and low operating costs. The disadvantage is that when the load becomes small, the atomization particle size and average size increase rapidly, the combustion efficiency decreases, and the small flow burner is easy to block and coke.
1.1.2 Mechanical atomization burner
The mechanical atomization burner converts the mechanical energy of fuel into atomization energy, and the common mechanical atomization burner is a rotary cup atomization burner. This type of burner has high requirements on mechanical energy, and generally requires a very high speed to achieve the shear force required for atomization.
1.1.3 Pneumatic atomizing burner
Pneumatic atomization burner uses the high-speed movement of air or steam to impact, shear and rotate the liquid film or liquid column. The gas-liquid two-phase produces a relatively high relative velocity to achieve broken atomization. The advantages of the pneumatic atomizing burner are wide adjustment range and good atomization performance. Its main disadvantages are:
(1) The atomization energy utilization rate is low
(2) A large amount of atomizing gas is used
(3) Requirements that high-viscosity heavy diesel oil, heavy residual oil, and coal-water slurry cannot be burned efficiently
1.1.4 Bubble atomizing burner
Bubble atomization is known internationally as the third-generation atomization technology. This kind of burner injects compressed air or steam into a channel with a special structure to form a large number of bubbles in the fuel. The bubbles move, deform, After a series of processes such as acceleration, it breaks at the outlet of the burner, thus forming a liquid mist with very small droplets and large uniformity in size. It has the following characteristics:
(1) The bubble atomization burner mainly overcomes the surface tension of the fuel to atomize
(2) The required atomization energy is less
(3) The atomized particles are fine and the average size is high
1.2 Classified by other standards
1.2.1 Classification according to the relative flow direction of oil flow and atomization medium
(1) Straight-through type: the relative flow direction of the oil flow and the atomized medium is close to parallel
(2) Vortex type: The relative flow direction of the oil flow and the atomized medium is a tangential direction
(3) AC type: The relative flow direction of the oil flow and the atomized medium is at a certain angle
1.2.2 Classification according to the relative action times of oil flow and atomizing medium
(1) First-level atomization: the relative interaction between the oil flow and the atomization medium is one time
(2) Two-stage atomization: the relative interaction between the oil flow and the atomization medium is secondary
(3) Multi-stage atomization: the number of relative interactions between the oil flow and the atomization medium is multiple
1.2.3 Classification according to the relative position of the oil flow and the atomizing medium
(1) External mixing type: The relative position of the oil flow and the atomizing medium is outside the outlet of the burner
(2) Internal mixing type: The relative position of the oil flow and the atomizing medium is inside the outlet of the burner
2. Classification of gas burners
2.1 Classification by combustion method
2.1.1 Non-premix burner
Non-premixed burners are also called long-flame burners. Its combustion method is that the gas and air are not pre-mixed, but are sent to the combustion chamber or kiln for mixed combustion. It is characterized by:
(1) Simple structure, stable combustion and no tempering
(2) Low gas and air pressure requirements: 80mm~150mm water column is enough
(3) Gas and air can be preheated to a higher temperature
(4) The mixture of gas and air is poor, the flame is longer, and a longer combustion space is required
(5) In order to fully burn the gas, more combustion-supporting air must be provided
2.1.2 Semi-premix burner
Semi-premixed burners are also called short-flame burners. Its combustion feature is that the gas and air enter the mixing chamber or pre-combustion chamber respectively for pre-mixing, and then spray into the kiln or combustion chamber or kiln at a certain speed for complete mixing and combustion. It is characterized by:
(1) The flame length can be flexibly adjusted by changing the ratio of gas and air
(2) There is basically no tempering phenomenon
(3) The atmosphere can be controlled according to the process requirements
2.1.3 Fully premixed burner
Fully premixed burners are also called flameless burners. Its characteristic is: gas and air are pre-mixed inside the burner, and then enter the kiln or combustion chamber for combustion. The burning flame is short and transparent, without obvious outline. It's especially:
(1) The excess air coefficient is small
(2) High combustion intensity
(3) The gas should be kept at a high pressure to prevent tempering
(4) Gas and air preheating temperature should not exceed 400°C
2.2 Classification according to the ejection speed of the flame gas from the burner
2.2.1 Low speed burner
The flame ejection velocity of the low-speed burner is generally less than 30m/s
2.2.2 Medium speed burner
The flame ejection speed of the medium-speed burner is generally 30~70m/s
2.2.3 High-speed burner
The flame ejection velocity of the high-speed burner is generally greater than 70m/s
3. Coal burner
The fuel used by the combustion burner is mainly in the form of coal water slurry, which is made of 63~67% refined coal, 33~37% water, and 1% additives, and the coal powder diameter is 250~ 300um special fuel. Its reliability and safety in application are greater than that of oil and coal. Therefore, coal water slurry technology has been valued by the relevant departments of our country and has been promoted in some industries.
4. High-speed isothermal burner
The basic principle of the high-speed isothermal burner is the principle of a single-piston engine. Most of the fuel process is completed in the combustion chamber, and the fuel gas has a considerable pressure. The expansion generated during this process makes the gas ejected at a high speed, thereby achieving improvement. The purpose of temperature uniformity in wide-section kilns.
5. Tempering burner
The principle of temperature regulating burner is secondary air temperature regulation. It is mainly used in batch kilns to meet the heating requirements of some products. For example, a high-alumina electric porcelain requires 150°C heat preservation for 10 hours. The flow adjustment ratio of ordinary burners is difficult to meet this requirement. After adding the secondary air to adjust the temperature, the outlet temperature of the burner brick is the lowest, which can be controlled to 80°C, which successfully meets the process requirements.
6. Pulse burner
In the Dayi shuttle kiln and wide-section tunnel kiln, the use of high-speed isothermal burners can better solve the temperature difference in the kiln. The movement of gas inside forms a vortex, and the center of the vortex is relatively static, so the phenomenon of temperature difference still exists. The pulse burner has a better effect in controlling the uniformity and stability of the temperature field and the atmosphere field in the kiln. The pulse burner needs to be used in conjunction with the pulse control system. Through the pulse control system, the output power of the burner flame is adjusted to make it change according to a certain period. When the output power of one burner reaches the maximum, the other reaches the minimum. Intensify the air flow and eliminate local hot spots, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of the temperature field and atmosphere field in the kiln.
1. Fuel burner
1.1 Classification by atomization method
1.1.1 Pressure atomizing burner
The pressure atomization burner is converted into injection kinetic energy by the pressure of the fuel itself, and the fuel is atomized by the shear disturbance of the air through the liquid film or liquid column. The advantage of this burner is its simple structure and low operating costs. The disadvantage is that when the load becomes small, the atomization particle size and average size increase rapidly, the combustion efficiency decreases, and the small flow burner is easy to block and coke.
1.1.2 Mechanical atomization burner
The mechanical atomization burner converts the mechanical energy of fuel into atomization energy, and the common mechanical atomization burner is a rotary cup atomization burner. This type of burner has high requirements on mechanical energy, and generally requires a very high speed to achieve the shear force required for atomization.
1.1.3 Pneumatic atomizing burner
Pneumatic atomization burner uses the high-speed movement of air or steam to impact, shear and rotate the liquid film or liquid column. The gas-liquid two-phase produces a relatively high relative velocity to achieve broken atomization. The advantages of the pneumatic atomizing burner are wide adjustment range and good atomization performance. Its main disadvantages are:
(1) The atomization energy utilization rate is low
(2) A large amount of atomizing gas is used
(3) Requirements that high-viscosity heavy diesel oil, heavy residual oil, and coal-water slurry cannot be burned efficiently
1.1.4 Bubble atomizing burner
Bubble atomization is known internationally as the third-generation atomization technology. This kind of burner injects compressed air or steam into a channel with a special structure to form a large number of bubbles in the fuel. The bubbles move, deform, After a series of processes such as acceleration, it breaks at the outlet of the burner, thus forming a liquid mist with very small droplets and large uniformity in size. It has the following characteristics:
(1) The bubble atomization burner mainly overcomes the surface tension of the fuel to atomize
(2) The required atomization energy is less
(3) The atomized particles are fine and the average size is high
1.2 Classified by other standards
1.2.1 Classification according to the relative flow direction of oil flow and atomization medium
(1) Straight-through type: the relative flow direction of the oil flow and the atomized medium is close to parallel
(2) Vortex type: The relative flow direction of the oil flow and the atomized medium is a tangential direction
(3) AC type: The relative flow direction of the oil flow and the atomized medium is at a certain angle
1.2.2 Classification according to the relative action times of oil flow and atomizing medium
(1) First-level atomization: the relative interaction between the oil flow and the atomization medium is one time
(2) Two-stage atomization: the relative interaction between the oil flow and the atomization medium is secondary
(3) Multi-stage atomization: the number of relative interactions between the oil flow and the atomization medium is multiple
1.2.3 Classification according to the relative position of the oil flow and the atomizing medium
(1) External mixing type: The relative position of the oil flow and the atomizing medium is outside the outlet of the burner
(2) Internal mixing type: The relative position of the oil flow and the atomizing medium is inside the outlet of the burner
2. Classification of gas burners
2.1 Classification by combustion method
2.1.1 Non-premix burner
Non-premixed burners are also called long-flame burners. Its combustion method is that the gas and air are not pre-mixed, but are sent to the combustion chamber or kiln for mixed combustion. It is characterized by:
(1) Simple structure, stable combustion and no tempering
(2) Low gas and air pressure requirements: 80mm~150mm water column is enough
(3) Gas and air can be preheated to a higher temperature
(4) The mixture of gas and air is poor, the flame is longer, and a longer combustion space is required
(5) In order to fully burn the gas, more combustion-supporting air must be provided
2.1.2 Semi-premix burner
Semi-premixed burners are also called short-flame burners. Its combustion feature is that the gas and air enter the mixing chamber or pre-combustion chamber respectively for pre-mixing, and then spray into the kiln or combustion chamber or kiln at a certain speed for complete mixing and combustion. It is characterized by:
(1) The flame length can be flexibly adjusted by changing the ratio of gas and air
(2) There is basically no tempering phenomenon
(3) The atmosphere can be controlled according to the process requirements
2.1.3 Fully premixed burner
Fully premixed burners are also called flameless burners. Its characteristic is: gas and air are pre-mixed inside the burner, and then enter the kiln or combustion chamber for combustion. The burning flame is short and transparent, without obvious outline. It's especially:
(1) The excess air coefficient is small
(2) High combustion intensity
(3) The gas should be kept at a high pressure to prevent tempering
(4) Gas and air preheating temperature should not exceed 400°C
2.2 Classification according to the ejection speed of the flame gas from the burner
2.2.1 Low speed burner
The flame ejection velocity of the low-speed burner is generally less than 30m/s
2.2.2 Medium speed burner
The flame ejection speed of the medium-speed burner is generally 30~70m/s
2.2.3 High-speed burner
The flame ejection velocity of the high-speed burner is generally greater than 70m/s
3. Coal burner
The fuel used by the combustion burner is mainly in the form of coal water slurry, which is made of 63~67% refined coal, 33~37% water, and 1% additives, and the coal powder diameter is 250~ 300um special fuel. Its reliability and safety in application are greater than that of oil and coal. Therefore, coal water slurry technology has been valued by the relevant departments of our country and has been promoted in some industries.
4. High-speed isothermal burner
The basic principle of the high-speed isothermal burner is the principle of a single-piston engine. Most of the fuel process is completed in the combustion chamber, and the fuel gas has a considerable pressure. The expansion generated during this process makes the gas ejected at a high speed, thereby achieving improvement. The purpose of temperature uniformity in wide-section kilns.
5. Tempering burner
The principle of temperature regulating burner is secondary air temperature regulation. It is mainly used in batch kilns to meet the heating requirements of some products. For example, a high-alumina electric porcelain requires 150°C heat preservation for 10 hours. The flow adjustment ratio of ordinary burners is difficult to meet this requirement. After adding the secondary air to adjust the temperature, the outlet temperature of the burner brick is the lowest, which can be controlled to 80°C, which successfully meets the process requirements.
6. Pulse burner
In the Dayi shuttle kiln and wide-section tunnel kiln, the use of high-speed isothermal burners can better solve the temperature difference in the kiln. The movement of gas inside forms a vortex, and the center of the vortex is relatively static, so the phenomenon of temperature difference still exists. The pulse burner has a better effect in controlling the uniformity and stability of the temperature field and the atmosphere field in the kiln. The pulse burner needs to be used in conjunction with the pulse control system. Through the pulse control system, the output power of the burner flame is adjusted to make it change according to a certain period. When the output power of one burner reaches the maximum, the other reaches the minimum. Intensify the air flow and eliminate local hot spots, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of the temperature field and atmosphere field in the kiln.